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One of the most powerful and versatile literary devices employed by filmmakers is the extended metaphor.
This article delves into the concept of extended metaphor, providing a comprehensive definition and exploring its usage through captivating examples from the world of cinema.
Let's dive in.
What is an Extended Metaphor? Lesson and Activitywww.youtube.com
Extended Metaphor Definition
An extended metaphor is a literary device that involves drawing a parallel between two seemingly unrelated concepts, objects, or ideas to convey a deeper meaning.
Unlike a regular metaphor, which makes a direct comparison between two entities, an extended metaphor is sustained over a more extended period, often running throughout an entire narrative or scene.
This continuity allows filmmakers to create layers of meaning, inviting viewers to think critically and establish a thematic thread that runs through the film.
How Do Filmmakers Use Extended Metaphors?
'Birdman'
Credit: Fox Searchlight Pictures
Extended metaphors offer a unique way to convey complex ideas, emotions, and themes in a visually engaging and thought-provoking manner.
Here are some key reasons why extended metaphors are valuable in filmmaking:
- Subtext: Extended metaphors allow filmmakers to delve deep into a theme or concept, providing layers of meaning for the audience to explore. This can add richness and depth to a film, making it more intellectually stimulating.
- Engagement: A well-crafted extended metaphor can captivate the audience's attention and draw them into the story on a deeper level. It encourages viewers to think critically, analyze the connections, and make personal interpretations.
- Memorability: Films that employ extended metaphors tend to be more memorable because they leave a lasting impression on the audience. The visual and thematic consistency throughout the narrative reinforces the central idea or message.
- Artistic Expression: Filmmakers can use extended metaphors to showcase their creativity and artistic prowess. Crafting a compelling and coherent metaphor requires skill and imagination, making it a hallmark of masterful storytelling.
- Emotional Impact: Extended metaphors can evoke powerful emotions in the audience. When viewers connect with the metaphor and its underlying message, it can lead to a profound emotional experience.
- Symbolism: Filmmakers can use extended metaphors to convey symbolism and allegory effectively. This allows them to address complex societal issues, philosophical concepts, or moral dilemmas in a subtle yet impactful way.
- Unity and Cohesion: Extended metaphors can serve as a unifying thread throughout a film, tying together disparate elements and creating a cohesive narrative. This cohesion enhances the overall viewing experience.
- Interpretation and Discussion: Extended metaphors invite viewers to engage in discussions and debates about the film's meaning and symbolism. This can extend the impact of the film beyond the theater and into critical conversations.
Genre Flexibility: Extended metaphors are not limited to any particular genre; they can be used in dramas, comedies, science fiction, fantasy, and virtually any other genre. This versatility allows filmmakers to experiment and innovate within their chosen genre. - Audience Connection: When viewers identify with or relate to the extended metaphor, it can foster a stronger connection between the audience and the characters or story, leading to greater empathy and resonance.
Extended Metaphor Examples in Film and TV
'Fight Club'Credit: 20th Century FoxWhen used effectively, extended metaphors can elevate a film from mere entertainment to a work of art that lingers in the minds of viewers long after the credits roll. Let's take a peek at some examples.
- Birdman (2014): In this film directed by Alejandro González Iñárritu, the character Riggan Thomson (Michael Keaton) is an aging actor known for his role as the superhero Birdman. The entire film functions as an extended metaphor for Keaton's own career, exploring themes of identity, ego, and artistic ambition. The Birdman character becomes a metaphorical representation of Thomson's inner struggles.
- Fight Club (1999): This cult classic, directed by David Fincher and based on Chuck Palahniuk's novel, uses the concept of "fight club" as an extended metaphor for the protagonist's disillusionment with consumerism and his quest for a more authentic life. The fight club itself becomes a metaphorical space for individuals to break free from societal constraints and express their primal instincts.
- Breaking Bad (TV series): The entire series can be seen as an extended metaphor for the transformation of the protagonist, Walter White (Bryan Cranston), from a mild-mannered chemistry teacher to a ruthless drug lord. The blue methamphetamine he manufactures serves as both a literal and metaphorical representation of his descent into the criminal underworld.
- The Matrix (1999): This science fiction classic, directed by the Wachowskis, is filled with extended metaphors. The simulated reality of the Matrix is a metaphor for the constraints of modern society, with the red pill representing the choice to awaken to a deeper truth. Neo's (Keanu Reeves) journey becomes an extended metaphor for the hero's journey and self-discovery.
- Black Swan (2010): Directed by Darren Aronofsky, this psychological thriller uses the world of ballet as an extended metaphor for the protagonist's descent into madness. The duality of the white swan and the black swan in Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake mirrors the protagonist's internal struggle with her own dark side.
- Lost in Translation (2003): Sofia Coppola's film explores the emotional isolation and cultural disconnection of its characters while staying in a Tokyo hotel. The city and its language become extended metaphors for the characters' feelings of alienation and the difficulty of communication.
- American Beauty (1999): The rose petals that feature prominently in this film serve as an extended metaphor for the beauty and fragility of life. The protagonist's midlife crisis and obsession with his daughter's friend become metaphors for the search for meaning and beauty in a mundane suburban existence.
- The Great Gatsby (multiple film adaptations): F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel, adapted into several films, is rife with extended metaphors. Jay Gatsby's extravagant parties and his unrequited love for Daisy Buchanan symbolize the pursuit of the American Dream and the emptiness of materialism.
Extended metaphors are a potent storytelling tool in the world of filmmaking. They allow filmmakers to infuse their narratives with deeper layers of meaning, offering audiences a richer and more thought-provoking viewing experience.
As you embark on your filmmaking journey, consider harnessing the power of extended metaphors to craft narratives that transcend the screen and touch the hearts and minds of your audience.
Let me know how you use them in your work in the comments.
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10 Storytelling and Directing Tips Inspired by Akira Kurosawa
Learn from one of the greatest directors of all time.
In the pantheon of cinematic greats, Akira Kurosawa stands as a towering figure, a master storyteller whose influence transcends time and borders. His works, characterized by their epic narratives, exquisite visuals, and emotional depth, continue to inspire filmmakers and audiences alike.
Kurosawa's unique approach to directing and storytelling has become a subject of study and admiration. As we explore the wisdom distilled from his illustrious career, we find timeless lessons that go beyond the confines of genre and culture. These principles serve not only as a blueprint for aspiring directors but also as a testament to Kurosawa's enduring legacy in the art of filmmaking.
The Humanistic Cinema of Akira Kurosawawww.youtube.com
1. Trust Your Gut
'Rashomon'
Credit: Everett Collection
Kurosawa emphasized the importance of a director's intuition. This suggests that when faced with creative decisions, it’s often valuable to listen to your gut feeling. This could mean choosing an unconventional shot or narrative direction that feels right, even if it challenges traditional methods or the opinions of collaborators.
2. Study The Masters
Akira Kurosawa working with a cinema camera on the set of
Credit: BFI
By examining the works of great directors, one can learn various aspects of filmmaking, such as shot composition, pacing, and storytelling.
Kurosawa himself was influenced by filmmakers like John Ford and Jean Renoir and believed in the value of understanding their techniques to refine his own work.
3. Collaborate With Your Actors
Credit: BFI
Actors bring characters to life, and Kurosawa believed in giving them space for interpretation. This includes working closely with them, understanding their perspective, and allowing them to bring their own creativity to their roles, which can result in more authentic and compelling performances.
4. Planning is Paramount
Akira Kurosawa's manual splicing
Credit:
Detailed planning and storyboarding were key to Kurosawa’s approach. He would often sketch out every shot before filming.
This level of preparation ensures that every visual element serves the story and can help in executing complex scenes more efficiently.
5. It's all in the Details
Akira Kurosawa on the set of ‘Yojimbo’
Credit: Film Magazine
In Kurosawa’s view, the minutiae of a film—such as the costumes, set design, and props—were crucial in creating a believable world.
Attention to these details helps to immerse the audience and can subtly enhance the storytelling.
6. It's Okay to be Silent
'Throne of Blood'
Credit: Toho
Silence can be as powerful as dialogue or music. Kurosawa harnessed silence to build suspense and convey emotion, using it to draw the audience in and focus their attention on the visual storytelling.
7. Learn From Mistakes
'High and Low'
Credit: Toho
Kurosawa was not afraid to recognize his own mistakes and saw them as learning opportunities. This principle encourages a mindset of continuous improvement and resilience in the creative process.
8. Keep a Handle on Emerging Technology
'The Hidden Fortress'
Credit: Toho
Always curious about the latest developments, Kurosawa integrated new technologies into his filmmaking. This openness to innovation can lead to new ways of storytelling and can give a unique aesthetic to films.
9. Maintain Your Vision
'Dreams'
Credit: Warner Bros.
A director must have a clear vision for the film and remain true to it throughout the process. This can sometimes mean resisting studio pressure or popular trends to create a work that is authentic and personal.
10. Let Passion Guide You
'Seven Samurai'
Credit: Toho
Kurosawa’s passion for filmmaking was evident in his dedication to his craft. This principle suggests that great art comes from a place of deep commitment and enthusiasm, and that passion is infectious, often inspiring the entire cast and crew to strive for excellence.
In honoring Kuroswas's legacy, we continue the quest for storytelling that resonates, transforms, and endures. For filmmakers and storytellers looking to craft their own masterpieces, let Kurosawa's spirit guide your cinematic adventures.
May your films be as bold, as beautiful, and as profoundly human as the ones he left us.
Now go make something.